Oral Therapies for Multiple Sclerosis.
Administration, Oral
Cladribine
/ pharmacology
Clinical Trials as Topic
Crotonates
/ pharmacology
Dimethyl Fumarate
/ pharmacology
Fingolimod Hydrochloride
/ pharmacology
Humans
Hydroxybutyrates
Immunosuppressive Agents
/ pharmacology
Multiple Sclerosis
/ drug therapy
Nitriles
Quinolones
/ pharmacology
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Modulators
/ administration & dosage
Toluidines
/ pharmacology
Journal
Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine
ISSN: 2157-1422
Titre abrégé: Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101571139
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
02 01 2019
02 01 2019
Historique:
pubmed:
4
3
2018
medline:
24
3
2020
entrez:
4
3
2018
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Multiple sclerosis treatment faces tremendous changes owing to the approval of new medications, some of which are available as oral formulations. Until now, the four orally available medications, fingolimod, dimethylfumarate (BG-12), teriflunomide, and cladribine have received market authorization, whereas laquinimod is still under development. Fingolimod is a sphingosine-1-phosphate inhibitor, which is typically used as escalation therapy and leads to up to 60% reduction of the annualized relapse rate, but might also have neuroprotective properties. In addition, there are three more specific S1P agonists in late stages of development: siponimod, ponesimod, and ozanimod. Dimethylfumarate has immunomodulatory and cytoprotective functions and is used as baseline therapy. Teriflunomide, the active metabolite of the rheumatoid arthritis medication leflunomide, targets the dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, thus inhibiting the proliferation of lymphocytes by depletion of pyrimidines. Here we will review the mechanisms of action, clinical trial data, as well as data about safety and tolerability of the compounds.
Identifiants
pubmed: 29500302
pii: cshperspect.a032011
doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a032011
pmc: PMC6314072
pii:
doi:
Substances chimiques
Crotonates
0
Hydroxybutyrates
0
Immunosuppressive Agents
0
Nitriles
0
Quinolones
0
Sphingosine 1 Phosphate Receptor Modulators
0
Toluidines
0
teriflunomide
1C058IKG3B
Cladribine
47M74X9YT5
laquinimod
908SY76S4G
Dimethyl Fumarate
FO2303MNI2
Fingolimod Hydrochloride
G926EC510T
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
Copyright © 2019 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press; all rights reserved.
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