Evolving Mechanistic Concepts of Epileptiform Synchronization and their Relevance in Curing Focal Epileptic Disorders.
Epileptiform synchronization
anti-epileptic drugs
excitatory transmission
inhibitory transmission
interictal spikes
mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
seizures
voltage-gated channels.
Journal
Current neuropharmacology
ISSN: 1875-6190
Titre abrégé: Curr Neuropharmacol
Pays: United Arab Emirates
ID NLM: 101157239
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
2019
2019
Historique:
received:
25
08
2018
revised:
26
10
2018
accepted:
17
11
2018
pubmed:
28
11
2018
medline:
20
2
2020
entrez:
28
11
2018
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
The synchronized activity of neuronal networks under physiological conditions is mirrored by specific oscillatory patterns of the EEG that are associated with different behavioral states and cognitive functions. Excessive synchronization can, however, lead to focal epileptiform activity characterized by interictal and ictal discharges in epileptic patients and animal models. This review focusses on studies that have addressed epileptiform synchronization in temporal lobe regions by employing in vitro and in vivo recording techniques. First, we consider the role of ionotropic and metabotropic excitatory glutamatergic transmission in seizure generation as well as the paradoxical role of GABAA signaling in initiating and perhaps maintaining focal seizure activity. Second, we address non-synaptic mechanisms (which include voltage-gated ionic currents and gap junctions) in the generation of epileptiform synchronization. For each mechanism, we discuss the actions of antiepileptic drugs that are presumably modulating excitatory or inhibitory signaling and voltage-gated currents to prevent seizures in epileptic patients. These findings provide insights into the mechanisms of seizure initiation and maintenance, thus leading to the development of specific pharmacological treatments for focal epileptic disorders.
Identifiants
pubmed: 30479217
pii: CN-EPUB-94815
doi: 10.2174/1570159X17666181127124803
pmc: PMC7052840
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anticonvulsants
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
830-842Informations de copyright
Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.
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