Ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production from xylonic acid by Enterobacter cloacae.
Enterobacter cloacae
Ethylene glycol
Glycolic acid
Xylonic acid
Xylose
Journal
Microbial cell factories
ISSN: 1475-2859
Titre abrégé: Microb Cell Fact
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101139812
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
15 Apr 2020
15 Apr 2020
Historique:
received:
19
12
2019
accepted:
05
04
2020
entrez:
16
4
2020
pubmed:
16
4
2020
medline:
31
12
2020
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Biological routes for ethylene glycol production have been developed in recent years by constructing the synthesis pathways in different microorganisms. However, no microorganisms have been reported yet to produce ethylene glycol naturally. Xylonic acid utilizing microorganisms were screened from natural environments, and an Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated. The major metabolites of this strain were ethylene glycol and glycolic acid. However, the metabolites were switched to 2,3-butanediol, acetoin or acetic acid when this strain was cultured with other carbon sources. The metabolic pathway of ethylene glycol synthesis from xylonic acid in this bacterium was identified. Xylonic acid was converted to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate catalyzed by D-xylonic acid dehydratase. 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate was converted to form pyruvate and glycolaldehyde, and this reaction was catalyzed by an aldolase. D-Xylonic acid dehydratase and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase were encoded by yjhG and yjhH, respectively. The two genes are part of the same operon and are located adjacent on the chromosome. Besides yjhG and yjhH, this operon contains four other genes. However, individually inactivation of these four genes had no effect on either ethylene glycol or glycolic acid production; both formed from glycolaldehyde. YqhD exhibits ethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity in vitro. However, a low level of ethylene glycol was still synthesized by E. cloacae ΔyqhD. Fermentation parameters for ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production by the E. cloacae strain were optimized, and aerobic cultivation at neutral pH were found to be optimal. In fed batch culture, 34 g/L of ethylene glycol and 13 g/L of glycolic acid were produced in 46 h, with a total conversion ratio of 0.99 mol/mol xylonic acid. A novel route of xylose biorefinery via xylonic acid as an intermediate has been established.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Biological routes for ethylene glycol production have been developed in recent years by constructing the synthesis pathways in different microorganisms. However, no microorganisms have been reported yet to produce ethylene glycol naturally.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Xylonic acid utilizing microorganisms were screened from natural environments, and an Enterobacter cloacae strain was isolated. The major metabolites of this strain were ethylene glycol and glycolic acid. However, the metabolites were switched to 2,3-butanediol, acetoin or acetic acid when this strain was cultured with other carbon sources. The metabolic pathway of ethylene glycol synthesis from xylonic acid in this bacterium was identified. Xylonic acid was converted to 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate catalyzed by D-xylonic acid dehydratase. 2-Dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate was converted to form pyruvate and glycolaldehyde, and this reaction was catalyzed by an aldolase. D-Xylonic acid dehydratase and 2-dehydro-3-deoxy-D-pentonate aldolase were encoded by yjhG and yjhH, respectively. The two genes are part of the same operon and are located adjacent on the chromosome. Besides yjhG and yjhH, this operon contains four other genes. However, individually inactivation of these four genes had no effect on either ethylene glycol or glycolic acid production; both formed from glycolaldehyde. YqhD exhibits ethylene glycol dehydrogenase activity in vitro. However, a low level of ethylene glycol was still synthesized by E. cloacae ΔyqhD. Fermentation parameters for ethylene glycol and glycolic acid production by the E. cloacae strain were optimized, and aerobic cultivation at neutral pH were found to be optimal. In fed batch culture, 34 g/L of ethylene glycol and 13 g/L of glycolic acid were produced in 46 h, with a total conversion ratio of 0.99 mol/mol xylonic acid.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
A novel route of xylose biorefinery via xylonic acid as an intermediate has been established.
Identifiants
pubmed: 32293454
doi: 10.1186/s12934-020-01347-8
pii: 10.1186/s12934-020-01347-8
pmc: PMC7158088
doi:
Substances chimiques
Glycolates
0
xylonic acid
0
glycolic acid
0WT12SX38S
Xylose
A1TA934AKO
Ethylene Glycol
FC72KVT52F
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
89Subventions
Organisme : National Key R&D Program of China
ID : 2017YFE0112700
Organisme : Royal Society Newton Advanced Fellowship
ID : NAF\R2\180721
Organisme : Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai
ID : 19ZR1463600
Organisme : National Natural Science Foundation of China
ID : 21576279
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