The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies in the middle-aged and elderly: Focus on

Age of Onset Aged Aging / blood Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease / blood Female Genetic Predisposition to Disease / genetics Hereditary Sensory and Motor Neuropathy / blood High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing Humans Male Middle Aged Neprilysin / blood Exome Sequencing

Journal

Neurology
ISSN: 1526-632X
Titre abrégé: Neurology
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 0401060

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
15 12 2020
Historique:
received: 15 11 2019
accepted: 29 06 2020
pubmed: 5 11 2020
medline: 26 1 2021
entrez: 4 11 2020
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

To test the hypothesis that monogenic neuropathies such as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) contribute to frequent but often unexplained neuropathies in the elderly, we performed genetic analysis of 230 patients with unexplained axonal neuropathies and disease onset ≥35 years. We recruited patients, collected clinical data, and conducted whole-exome sequencing (WES; n = 126) and In the WES cohort, the overall detection rate for assumed disease-causing variants in genes for CMT or other conditions associated with neuropathies was 18.3% (familial cases 26.4%, apparently sporadic cases 12.3%). A detectable fraction of unexplained late-onset axonal neuropathies is genetically determined, by variants in either CMT genes or genes involved in other conditions that affect the peripheral nerves and can mimic a CMT phenotype.

Identifiants

DOI: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011132 PMID: 33144514 PMC: PMC7836667
pubmed: 33144514
pii: WNL.0000000000011132
doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000011132
pmc: PMC7836667
doi:

Substances chimiques

Neprilysin EC 3.4.24.11

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

e3163-e3179

Subventions

Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : G1000848
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : U54 NS065712
Pays : United States
Organisme : NINDS NIH HHS
ID : R01 NS075764
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N025431/2
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : U01 HG010218
Pays : United States
Organisme : NHGRI NIH HHS
ID : U01 HG007708
Pays : United States
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N010035/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N027302/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Medical Research Council
ID : MR/N025431/1
Pays : United Kingdom

Commentaires et corrections

Type : CommentIn

Informations de copyright

© 2020 American Academy of Neurology.

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Auteurs

Jan Senderek (J)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany. michaela.auer-grumbach@meduniwien.ac.at jan.senderek@med.uni-muenchen.de.

Petra Lassuthova (P)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Dagmara Kabzińska (D)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Lisa Abreu (L)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Jonathan Baets (J)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Christian Beetz (C)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Geir J Braathen (GJ)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

David Brenner (D)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Joline Dalton (J)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Lois Dankwa (L)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-0259-9550

Tine Deconinck (T)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Peter De Jonghe (P)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Bianca Dräger (B)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Katja Eggermann (K)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Melina Ellis (M)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Carina Fischer (C)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Tanya Stojkovic (T)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

David N Herrmann (DN)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Rita Horvath (R)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Helle Høyer (H)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Stephan Iglseder (S)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Marina Kennerson (M)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Katharina Kinslechner (K)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Jennefer N Kohler (JN)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Ingo Kurth (I)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.
ORCID: 0000-0002-5642-8378

Nigel G Laing (NG)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Phillipa J Lamont (PJ)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Löscher Wolfgang N (L)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Albert Ludolph (A)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Wilson Marques (W)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Garth Nicholson (G)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Royston Ong (R)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Susanne Petri (S)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Gianina Ravenscroft (G)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Adriana Rebelo (A)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Giulia Ricci (G)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn (S)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Anja Schirmacher (A)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Beate Schlotter-Weigel (B)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Ludger Schoels (L)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Rebecca Schüle (R)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Matthis Synofzik (M)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Bruno Francou (B)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Tim M Strom (TM)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Johannes Wagner (J)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

David Walk (D)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Julia Wanschitz (J)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Daniela Weinmann (D)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Jochen Weishaupt (J)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Manuela Wiessner (M)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Reinhard Windhager (R)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Peter Young (P)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Stephan Züchner (S)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Stefan Toegel (S)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Pavel Seeman (P)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Andrzej Kochański (A)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany.

Michaela Auer-Grumbach (M)

From the Friedrich-Baur-Institute (J.S., B.S.-W., M.W.), Department of Neurology, LMU Munich, Germany; DNA Laboratory (P.L., P.S.), Department of Pediatric Neurology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and University Hospital Motol, Czech Republic; Neuromuscular Unit (D.K., A.K.), Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland; Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics (L.A., A.R., S.Z.), John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL; Neurogenetics Group (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), Center for Molecular Neurology, University of Antwerp; Institute Born-Bunge (J.B., T.D., P.D.J.), University of Antwerp; Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.B., P.D.J.), Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Belgium; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (C.B.), Jena University Hospital; Centogene AG (C.B.), Rostock, Germany; Department of Medical Genetics (G.J.B., H.H.), Telemark Hospital Trust, Skien, Norway; Neurology Department (D.B., A.L., J. Weishaupt), Ulm University, Germany; Department of Neurology (J.D., D. Walk), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (L.D.), Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia; Department of Sleep Medicine and Neuromuscular Diseases (B.D., A.S., P.Y.), University of Münster; Institute of Human Genetics (K.E., I.K.), Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Germany; Sydney Medical School (M.E., M.K., G.N.), Concord Hospital, Northcott Neuroscience Laboratory, ANZAC Research Institute, Concord, Australia; Department of Orthopaedics and Trauma Surgery (C.F., K.K., D. Weinmann, R.W., S.T., M.A.-G.), Medical University of Vienna, Austria; AP-HP (T.S.), Institut de Myologie, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France, G-H Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Department of Neurology (D.N.H.), University of Rochester, NY; Department of Clinical Neurosciences (R.H.), University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, UK; Department of Neurology (S.I.), Konventhospital der Barmherzigen Brüder Linz; Karl Chiari Lab for Orthopaedic Biology (K.K., D. Weinmann, S.T.), Department of Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Stanford Center for Undiagnosed Diseases (J.N.K.), Stanford, CA; Undiagnosed Diseases Network (UDN) (J.N.K., S.Z.); Centre for Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G.Ravenscroft), University of Western Australia, Nedlands; Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research (N.G.L., R.O., G. Ravenscroft), Nedlands; Neurogenetic Unit (P.J.L.), Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Australia; Department of Neurology (W.N.L., J. Wanschitz), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurosciences and Behavior (W.M.), Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Department of Neurology (S.P.), Hannover Medical School, Germany; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (G. Ricci), University of Pisa, Italy; Institute of Human Genetics (S.R.-S.), Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases Hertie-Institute for Clinical Brain Research and Center of Neurology (L.S., R.S., M.S.), University of Tübingen; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) (L.S., R.S., M.S.), Tübingen, Germany; AP-HP (B.F.), Laboratoire de génétique moléculaire, pharmacogénétique et hormonologie, Hôpital de Bicêtre; Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; Institute of Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Helmholtz Zentrum Munich-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg; Institute for Human Genetics (T.M.S.), Technical University Munich; and Institut für Klinische Genetik (J. Wagner), Technische Universität Dresden, Medizinische Fakultät Carl Gustav Carus, Germany. michaela.auer-grumbach@meduniwien.ac.at jan.senderek@med.uni-muenchen.de.

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Classifications MeSH

questionsmedicales.fr › Environnement et santé publique › Santé publique › Facteurs épidémiologiques › Facteurs âges › Âge de début › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Sujet âgé › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes physiologiques › Croissance et développement › Vieillissement › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Malformations et maladies congénitales, héréditaires et néonatales › Maladies génétiques congénitales › Maladies neurodégénératives héréditaires › Neuropathie héréditaire motrice et sensitive › Maladie de Charcot-Marie-Tooth › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Phénomènes génétiques › Génotype › Prédisposition génétique à une maladie › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Malformations et maladies congénitales, héréditaires et néonatales › Maladies génétiques congénitales › Maladies neurodégénératives héréditaires › Neuropathie héréditaire motrice et sensitive › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Techniques d'investigation › Techniques génétiques › Analyse de séquence › Séquençage nucléotidique à haut débit › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Eucaryotes › Animaux › Chordés › Vertébrés › Mammifères › Eutheria › Primates › Haplorhini › Catarrhini › Hominidae › Humains › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Personnes › Tranches d'âge › Adulte › Adulte d'âge moyen › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Facteurs biologiques › Marqueurs biologiques › Marqueurs biologiques tumoraux › Néprilysine › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...
questionsmedicales.fr › Techniques d'investigation › Techniques génétiques › Analyse de séquence › Analyse de séquence d'ADN › Séquençage du génome entier › Séquençage de l'exome › The genetic landscape of axonal neuropathies...