Consequences of adaptation of TAL effectors on host susceptibility to Xanthomonas.
Bacterial Proteins
/ genetics
Citrus
/ genetics
Gene Expression Regulation, Plant
/ genetics
Host-Pathogen Interactions
/ genetics
Mutation
/ genetics
Plant Diseases
/ genetics
Plant Proteins
/ genetics
Promoter Regions, Genetic
/ genetics
Transcription Activator-Like Effectors
/ genetics
Virulence Factors
/ genetics
Xanthomonas
/ genetics
Journal
PLoS genetics
ISSN: 1553-7404
Titre abrégé: PLoS Genet
Pays: United States
ID NLM: 101239074
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 2021
01 2021
Historique:
received:
19
08
2020
accepted:
11
12
2020
revised:
29
01
2021
pubmed:
20
1
2021
medline:
24
4
2021
entrez:
19
1
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs) are virulence factors of Xanthomonas that induce the expression of host susceptibility (S) genes by specifically binding to effector binding elements (EBEs) in their promoter regions. The DNA binding specificity of TALEs is dictated by their tandem repeat regions, which are highly variable between different TALEs. Mutation of the EBEs of S genes is being utilized as a key strategy to generate resistant crops against TALE-dependent pathogens. However, TALE adaptations through rearrangement of their repeat regions is a potential obstacle for successful implementation of this strategy. We investigated the consequences of TALE adaptations in the citrus pathogen Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), in which PthA4 is the TALE required for pathogenicity, whereas CsLOB1 is the corresponding susceptibility gene, on host resistance. Seven TALEs, containing two-to-nine mismatching-repeats to the EBEPthA4 that were unable to induce CsLOB1 expression, were introduced into Xcc pthA4:Tn5 and adaptation was simulated by repeated inoculations into and isolations from sweet orange for a duration of 30 cycles. While initially all strains failed to promote disease, symptoms started to appear between 9-28 passages in four TALEs, which originally harbored two-to-five mismatches. Sequence analysis of adapted TALEs identified deletions and mutations within the TALE repeat regions which enhanced putative affinity to the CsLOB1 promoter. Sequence analyses suggest that TALEs adaptations result from recombinations between repeats of the TALEs. Reintroduction of these adapted TALEs into Xcc pthA4:Tn5 restored the ability to induce the expression of CsLOB1, promote disease symptoms and colonize host plants. TALEs harboring seven-to-nine mismatches were unable to adapt to overcome the incompatible interaction. Our study experimentally documented TALE adaptations to incompatible EBE and provided strategic guidance for generation of disease resistant crops against TALE-dependent pathogens.
Identifiants
pubmed: 33465093
doi: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009310
pii: PGENETICS-D-20-01296
pmc: PMC7845958
doi:
Substances chimiques
Bacterial Proteins
0
Plant Proteins
0
Transcription Activator-Like Effectors
0
Virulence Factors
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
e1009310Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
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