Histone H1 prevents non-CG methylation-mediated small RNA biogenesis in
A. thaliana
DNA methylation
chromosomes
gene expression
histone H1
plant biology
small RNA
Journal
eLife
ISSN: 2050-084X
Titre abrégé: Elife
Pays: England
ID NLM: 101579614
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
01 12 2021
01 12 2021
Historique:
received:
01
08
2021
accepted:
30
11
2021
pubmed:
2
12
2021
medline:
23
2
2022
entrez:
1
12
2021
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Flowering plants utilize small RNA (sRNA) molecules to guide DNA methyltransferases to genomic sequences. This RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway preferentially targets euchromatic transposable elements. However, RdDM is thought to be recruited by methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me), a hallmark of heterochromatin. How RdDM is targeted to euchromatin despite an affinity for H3K9me is unclear. Here, we show that loss of histone H1 enhances heterochromatic RdDM, preferentially at nucleosome linker DNA. Surprisingly, this does not require SHH1, the RdDM component that binds H3K9me. Furthermore, H3K9me is dispensable for RdDM, as is CG DNA methylation. Instead, we find that non-CG methylation is specifically associated with sRNA biogenesis, and without H1 sRNA production quantitatively expands to non-CG-methylated loci. Our results demonstrate that H1 enforces the separation of euchromatic and heterochromatic DNA methylation pathways by excluding the sRNA-generating branch of RdDM from non-CG-methylated heterochromatin. Cells adapt to different roles by turning different groups of genes on and off. One way cells control which genes are on or off is by creating regions of active and inactive DNA, which are created and maintained by different groups of proteins. Genes in active DNA regions can be turned on, while genes in inactive regions are switched off or silenced. Silenced DNA regions also turn off ‘transposable elements’: pieces of DNA that can copy themselves and move to other regions of the genome if they become active. Transposons can be dangerous if they are activated, because they can disrupt genes or regulatory sequences when they move. There are different types of active and inactive DNA, but it is not always clear why these differences exist, or how they are maintained over time. In plants, such as the commonly-studied weed
Autres résumés
Type: plain-language-summary
(eng)
Cells adapt to different roles by turning different groups of genes on and off. One way cells control which genes are on or off is by creating regions of active and inactive DNA, which are created and maintained by different groups of proteins. Genes in active DNA regions can be turned on, while genes in inactive regions are switched off or silenced. Silenced DNA regions also turn off ‘transposable elements’: pieces of DNA that can copy themselves and move to other regions of the genome if they become active. Transposons can be dangerous if they are activated, because they can disrupt genes or regulatory sequences when they move. There are different types of active and inactive DNA, but it is not always clear why these differences exist, or how they are maintained over time. In plants, such as the commonly-studied weed
Identifiants
pubmed: 34850679
doi: 10.7554/eLife.72676
pii: 72676
pmc: PMC8828055
doi:
pii:
Substances chimiques
Arabidopsis Proteins
0
Heterochromatin
0
Histones
0
RNA, Small Untranslated
0
nuclear protein H1(0)
0
Banques de données
GEO
['GSE179796', 'GSE51304', 'GSE41302', 'GSE99694', 'GSE122394', 'GSE108487', 'GSE32284', 'GSE152971', 'GSE52041', 'GSE39247']
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Informations de copyright
© 2021, Choi et al.
Déclaration de conflit d'intérêts
JC, DL No competing interests declared, DZ Reviewing editor, eLife
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