A multiscale approach to understanding the shared blue-orange flower color polymorphism in two Lysimachia species.
Lysimachia arvensis
Lysimachia monelli
Anthocyanin
Flavonoid
Flower color polymorphism
Petal transcriptome
Journal
BMC plant biology
ISSN: 1471-2229
Titre abrégé: BMC Plant Biol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 100967807
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
30 Sep 2024
30 Sep 2024
Historique:
received:
24
04
2024
accepted:
02
08
2024
medline:
1
10
2024
pubmed:
1
10
2024
entrez:
30
9
2024
Statut:
epublish
Résumé
Polymorphisms are common in nature, but they are rarely shared among closely related species. Polymorphisms could originate through convergence, ancestral polymorphism, or introgression. Although shared neutral genomic variation across species is commonplace, few examples of shared functional traits exist. The blue-orange petal color polymorphisms in two closely related species, Lysimachia monelli and L. arvensis were investigated with UV-vis reflectance spectra, flavonoid biochemistry, and transcriptome comparisons followed by climate niche analysis. Similar color morphs between species have nearly identical reflectance spectra, flavonoid biochemistry, and ABP gene expression patterns. Transcriptome comparisons reveal two orange-specific genes directly involved in both blue-orange color polymorphisms: DFR-2 specificity redirects flux from the malvidin to the pelargonidin while BZ1-2 stabilizes the pelargonidin with glucose, producing the orange pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Moreover, a reduction of F3'5'H expression in orange petals also favors pelargonidin production. The climate niches for each color morph are the same between the two species for three temperature characteristics but differ for four precipitation variables. The similarities in reflectance spectra, biochemistry, and ABP genes suggest that a single shift from blue-to-orange shared by both lineages is the most plausible explanation. Our evidence suggests that this persistent flower color polymorphism may represent an ancestrally polymorphic trait that has transcended speciation, yet future analyses are necessary to confidently reject the alternative hypotheses.
Sections du résumé
BACKGROUND
BACKGROUND
Polymorphisms are common in nature, but they are rarely shared among closely related species. Polymorphisms could originate through convergence, ancestral polymorphism, or introgression. Although shared neutral genomic variation across species is commonplace, few examples of shared functional traits exist. The blue-orange petal color polymorphisms in two closely related species, Lysimachia monelli and L. arvensis were investigated with UV-vis reflectance spectra, flavonoid biochemistry, and transcriptome comparisons followed by climate niche analysis.
RESULTS
RESULTS
Similar color morphs between species have nearly identical reflectance spectra, flavonoid biochemistry, and ABP gene expression patterns. Transcriptome comparisons reveal two orange-specific genes directly involved in both blue-orange color polymorphisms: DFR-2 specificity redirects flux from the malvidin to the pelargonidin while BZ1-2 stabilizes the pelargonidin with glucose, producing the orange pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Moreover, a reduction of F3'5'H expression in orange petals also favors pelargonidin production. The climate niches for each color morph are the same between the two species for three temperature characteristics but differ for four precipitation variables.
CONCLUSIONS
CONCLUSIONS
The similarities in reflectance spectra, biochemistry, and ABP genes suggest that a single shift from blue-to-orange shared by both lineages is the most plausible explanation. Our evidence suggests that this persistent flower color polymorphism may represent an ancestrally polymorphic trait that has transcended speciation, yet future analyses are necessary to confidently reject the alternative hypotheses.
Identifiants
pubmed: 39350020
doi: 10.1186/s12870-024-05481-y
pii: 10.1186/s12870-024-05481-y
doi:
Substances chimiques
Anthocyanins
0
Flavonoids
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
905Subventions
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
ID : BES-C-2016-0023
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
ID : PID2020-116222GB-100
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
ID : PID2020-116222GB-100
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
ID : CGL2015-63827
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
ID : BES-2013-062859
Organisme : Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades
ID : FJC2020-044244-I
Informations de copyright
© 2024. The Author(s).
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