Pourquoi le mode de vie sédentaire est-il un facteur de risque ?
Un mode de vie sédentaire favorise l'obésité et d'autres maladies cardiovasculaires.
Mode de vie sédentaireObésitéMaladies cardiovasculaires
{
"@context": "https://schema.org",
"@graph": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Artère basilaire : Questions médicales les plus fréquentes",
"headline": "Artère basilaire : Comprendre les symptômes, diagnostics et traitements",
"description": "Guide complet et accessible sur les Artère basilaire : explications, diagnostics, traitements et prévention. Information médicale validée destinée aux patients.",
"datePublished": "2024-07-31",
"dateModified": "2026-01-22",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"medicalAudience": [
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Grand public",
"audienceType": "Patient",
"healthCondition": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Artère basilaire"
},
"suggestedMinAge": 18,
"suggestedGender": "unisex"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Médecins",
"audienceType": "Physician",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "France"
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalAudience",
"name": "Chercheurs",
"audienceType": "Researcher",
"geographicArea": {
"@type": "AdministrativeArea",
"name": "International"
}
}
],
"reviewedBy": {
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Dr Olivier Menir",
"jobTitle": "Expert en Médecine",
"description": "Expert en Médecine, Optimisation des Parcours de Soins et Révision Médicale",
"url": "/static/pages/docteur-olivier-menir.html",
"alumniOf": {
"@type": "EducationalOrganization",
"name": "Université Paris Descartes"
}
},
"isPartOf": {
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Artères",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001158",
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Artères",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D001158",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
},
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "MeSH Tree",
"value": "A07.015.114"
}
}
},
"about": {
"@type": "MedicalCondition",
"name": "Artère basilaire",
"alternateName": "Basilar Artery",
"code": {
"@type": "MedicalCode",
"code": "D001488",
"codingSystem": "MeSH"
}
},
"author": [
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "None None",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/None%20None",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": ""
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Wenjie Zi",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Wenjie%20Zi",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China. ziwenjie@126.com."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Fengli Li",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Fengli%20Li",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Thanh N Nguyen",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Thanh%20N%20Nguyen",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Neurology and Radiology, Boston Medical Center, Boston University Chobanian and Avedisian School of Medicine, MA (T.N.N.)."
}
},
{
"@type": "Person",
"name": "Wouter J Schonewille",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/author/Wouter%20J%20Schonewille",
"affiliation": {
"@type": "Organization",
"name": "Department of Neurology, St Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, the Netherlands (W.J.S.)."
}
}
],
"citation": [
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Anatomy of the pontine arteries and perforators of the basilar artery in humans.",
"datePublished": "2023-07-06",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37415277",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1111/joa.13927"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Basilar artery bifurcation anatomy as a determinant of recanalization and stroke outcome: Basilar artery bifurcation anatomy and stroke outcome.",
"datePublished": "2023-11-02",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37924781",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2023.107450"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Clinical Relevance of Plaque Distribution for Basilar Artery Stenosis.",
"datePublished": "2023-04-06",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37024307",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.3174/ajnr.A7839"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Evolution of endovascular therapy trials for basilar artery occlusion.",
"datePublished": "2023-07-06",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37409675",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1177/0271678X231187174"
}
},
{
"@type": "ScholarlyArticle",
"name": "Basilar artery stenosis: Technical tips for endovascular revascularization.",
"datePublished": "2023-05-31",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/article/37307711",
"identifier": {
"@type": "PropertyValue",
"propertyID": "DOI",
"value": "10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107792"
}
}
],
"breadcrumb": {
"@type": "BreadcrumbList",
"itemListElement": [
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 1,
"name": "questionsmedicales.fr",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 2,
"name": "Système cardiovasculaire",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D002319"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 3,
"name": "Vaisseaux sanguins",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001808"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 4,
"name": "Artères",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001158"
},
{
"@type": "ListItem",
"position": 5,
"name": "Artère basilaire",
"item": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488"
}
]
}
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Article complet : Artère basilaire - Questions et réponses",
"headline": "Questions et réponses médicales fréquentes sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Une compilation de questions et réponses structurées, validées par des experts médicaux.",
"datePublished": "2026-02-06",
"inLanguage": "fr",
"hasPart": [
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Diagnostic",
"headline": "Diagnostic sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Comment diagnostiquer une occlusion de l'artère basilaire ?\nQuels tests sont utilisés pour évaluer l'artère basilaire ?\nQuels signes cliniques indiquent un problème avec l'artère basilaire ?\nQuelle est l'importance de l'échographie dans le diagnostic ?\nComment les symptômes neurologiques aident-ils au diagnostic ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488#section-diagnostic"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Symptômes",
"headline": "Symptômes sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une insuffisance de l'artère basilaire ?\nComment se manifeste un AVC dans l'artère basilaire ?\nQuels signes indiquent une ischémie basilaire ?\nQuels symptômes sont associés à une thrombose basilaire ?\nComment les symptômes varient-ils selon l'âge ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488#section-symptômes"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Prévention",
"headline": "Prévention sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Quelles mesures préventives peuvent réduire le risque d'AVC basilaire ?\nComment le contrôle de la pression artérielle aide-t-il ?\nPourquoi est-il important de gérer le diabète pour la santé vasculaire ?\nQuel rôle joue l'arrêt du tabac dans la prévention ?\nComment l'éducation sur les symptômes d'AVC aide-t-elle ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488#section-prévention"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Traitements",
"headline": "Traitements sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour l'ischémie basilaire ?\nComment la chirurgie peut-elle aider en cas d'AVC basilaire ?\nQuels médicaments sont utilisés pour traiter les troubles basilares ?\nQuelle est l'importance de la réhabilitation après un AVC basilaire ?\nComment la gestion des facteurs de risque influence-t-elle le traitement ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488#section-traitements"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Complications",
"headline": "Complications sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Quelles sont les complications possibles d'un AVC basilaire ?\nComment une thrombose basilaire peut-elle affecter la vie quotidienne ?\nQuels risques sont associés à une intervention chirurgicale sur l'artère basilaire ?\nComment les AVC basilares peuvent-ils entraîner des complications psychologiques ?\nQuelles complications peuvent survenir après un traitement d'AVC basilaire ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488#section-complications"
},
{
"@type": "MedicalWebPage",
"name": "Facteurs de risque",
"headline": "Facteurs de risque sur Artère basilaire",
"description": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque d'AVC basilaire ?\nComment l'âge influence-t-il le risque d'AVC basilaire ?\nQuel impact a l'hyperlipidémie sur la santé vasculaire ?\nComment le stress chronique affecte-t-il le risque d'AVC ?\nPourquoi le mode de vie sédentaire est-il un facteur de risque ?",
"url": "https://questionsmedicales.fr/mesh/D001488#section-facteurs de risque"
}
]
},
{
"@type": "FAQPage",
"mainEntity": [
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment diagnostiquer une occlusion de l'artère basilaire ?",
"position": 1,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un angiogramme cérébral ou une IRM peut révéler une occlusion."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels tests sont utilisés pour évaluer l'artère basilaire ?",
"position": 2,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'IRM, la TDM et l'angiographie sont couramment utilisés."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes cliniques indiquent un problème avec l'artère basilaire ?",
"position": 3,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des vertiges, des troubles de l'équilibre et des troubles visuels peuvent indiquer un problème."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelle est l'importance de l'échographie dans le diagnostic ?",
"position": 4,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'échographie Doppler peut évaluer le flux sanguin dans l'artère basilaire."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les symptômes neurologiques aident-ils au diagnostic ?",
"position": 5,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes comme l'ataxie et la dysarthrie orientent vers une atteinte basilaire."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les symptômes d'une insuffisance de l'artère basilaire ?",
"position": 6,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes incluent vertiges, troubles de la vision et perte d'équilibre."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment se manifeste un AVC dans l'artère basilaire ?",
"position": 7,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un AVC peut provoquer des troubles de la conscience et des paralysies."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels signes indiquent une ischémie basilaire ?",
"position": 8,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des symptômes comme des troubles de la parole et des engourdissements peuvent survenir."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels symptômes sont associés à une thrombose basilaire ?",
"position": 9,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La thrombose peut causer des vertiges sévères et des troubles de la coordination."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les symptômes varient-ils selon l'âge ?",
"position": 10,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les symptômes peuvent être plus prononcés chez les personnes âgées en raison de comorbidités."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles mesures préventives peuvent réduire le risque d'AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 11,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un mode de vie sain, l'exercice régulier et une alimentation équilibrée sont essentiels."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment le contrôle de la pression artérielle aide-t-il ?",
"position": 12,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un bon contrôle de la pression artérielle réduit le risque d'AVC et d'ischémie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Pourquoi est-il important de gérer le diabète pour la santé vasculaire ?",
"position": 13,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La gestion du diabète prévient les complications vasculaires, y compris les AVC."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel rôle joue l'arrêt du tabac dans la prévention ?",
"position": 14,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'arrêt du tabac diminue significativement le risque d'AVC et d'autres maladies vasculaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'éducation sur les symptômes d'AVC aide-t-elle ?",
"position": 15,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'éducation permet une détection précoce et un traitement rapide, améliorant les résultats."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels traitements sont disponibles pour l'ischémie basilaire ?",
"position": 16,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les traitements incluent des anticoagulants et des thérapies de réhabilitation."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment la chirurgie peut-elle aider en cas d'AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 17,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La chirurgie peut être nécessaire pour retirer un caillot ou réparer une artère."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels médicaments sont utilisés pour traiter les troubles basilares ?",
"position": 18,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des médicaments comme l'aspirine et les anticoagulants sont souvent prescrits."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelle est l'importance de la réhabilitation après un AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 19,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La réhabilitation aide à récupérer les fonctions perdues et à améliorer la qualité de vie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment la gestion des facteurs de risque influence-t-elle le traitement ?",
"position": 20,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "La gestion des facteurs de risque comme l'hypertension est cruciale pour prévenir les récidives."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles sont les complications possibles d'un AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 21,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les complications incluent des déficits neurologiques permanents et des troubles cognitifs."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment une thrombose basilaire peut-elle affecter la vie quotidienne ?",
"position": 22,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Elle peut entraîner des difficultés de mouvement, de communication et d'autonomie."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels risques sont associés à une intervention chirurgicale sur l'artère basilaire ?",
"position": 23,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les risques incluent des saignements, des infections et des complications neurologiques."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment les AVC basilares peuvent-ils entraîner des complications psychologiques ?",
"position": 24,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Ils peuvent causer des troubles de l'humeur, de l'anxiété et des problèmes de comportement."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quelles complications peuvent survenir après un traitement d'AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 25,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Des complications comme des infections ou des récidives d'AVC peuvent survenir."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quels sont les principaux facteurs de risque d'AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 26,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Les facteurs incluent l'hypertension, le diabète, le tabagisme et l'obésité."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment l'âge influence-t-il le risque d'AVC basilaire ?",
"position": 27,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le risque augmente avec l'âge, surtout après 55 ans en raison de la dégénérescence vasculaire."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Quel impact a l'hyperlipidémie sur la santé vasculaire ?",
"position": 28,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "L'hyperlipidémie augmente le risque de formation de plaques et d'AVC."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Comment le stress chronique affecte-t-il le risque d'AVC ?",
"position": 29,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Le stress chronique peut contribuer à l'hypertension et à d'autres problèmes cardiovasculaires."
}
},
{
"@type": "Question",
"name": "Pourquoi le mode de vie sédentaire est-il un facteur de risque ?",
"position": 30,
"acceptedAnswer": {
"@type": "Answer",
"text": "Un mode de vie sédentaire favorise l'obésité et d'autres maladies cardiovasculaires."
}
}
]
}
]
}
Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China. ziwenjie@126.com.
Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), No. 183 Xinqiao Main Street, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400037, China.
Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital and The Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Neuroradiology, Université de Lorraine, CHRU-Nancy, Nancy and Université de Lorraine, IADI, INSERM U1254, Nancy, France.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA. iwanagajoeca@gmail.com.
Department of Anatomical Sciences, St. George's University, St. George's, Grenada.
Department of Neurosurgery, Tulane Center for Clinical Neurosciences, Tulane University School of Medicine, 131 S. Robertson St. Suite 1300, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
Department of Neurosurgery and Ochsner Neuroscience Institute, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Department of Structural and Cellular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
Cerebral blood flow constitutes a critical area of interest for neurologists, neurosurgeons, and interventional radiologists as a social burden related to ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke, and vasc...
Thrombectomy improves outcomes in patients with basilar artery (BA) occlusion. We hypothesized that the anatomic configuration of the BA bifurcation, classified as T- or Y-shaped, may impact the outco...
In this 2-center retrospective cohort study, we included patients with stroke due to distal BA occlusion and performed blinded classification of their BA distal bifurcation as either T- or Y-shaped. T...
70 patients (mean age 66 years, 36% women) were included. 38 had T- and 32 had Y-shaped bifurcations. Baseline characteristics were similar for both groups, including demographics, onset to arterial p...
The configuration of the basilar artery does not significantly impact on recanalization success or stroke outcome in our study. Further studies are needed to confirm our observations....
There is no clear association between plaque distribution and postoperative complications in patients with basilar artery atherosclerotic stenosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether plaqu...
Our study enrolled patients with severe basilar artery stenosis who were scanned with high-resolution MR imaging and followed by DSA before the intervention. According to high-resolution MR imaging, p...
A total of 140 eligible patients were included in the study, with a postoperative complication rate of 11.4%. These patients were an average age of 61.9 (SD, 7.7) years. Dorsal wall plaques accounted ...
Plaques with a large burden located at the junctional segment and lateral wall of the basilar artery may increase the likelihood of postoperative complications following endovascular therapy. A larger...
Basilar artery occlusion (BAO) is an uncommon event, and leads to poor outcome in an estimated 60 to 80% of patients. Two early randomized trials, BASICS and BEST demonstrated equivocal benefit of end...
The SAMMPRIS Trial concluded that medical treatment of intracranial stenosis was safer than intracranial stenting. The key reasons for a poor outcome with stenting were significantly more perioperativ...
Two randomized trials demonstrated the benefit of endovascular therapy (EVT) in patients suffering from a stroke due to a basilar artery occlusion (BAO). However, intravenous thrombolytic (IVT) use be...
We analyzed data from the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke registry, a prospective, observational, multicenter study of acute ischemic stroke patients treated with EVT in 21 centers in France...
Among 385 patients, 243 (134 EVT alone and 109 IVT + EVT) were included after PS matching. There was no difference between EVT alone and IVT + EVT regarding good functional outcome (adjusted odd ratio...
In this PS matching analysis, EVT alone seemed to lead to similar neurological recovery than IVT + EVT, with comparable safety profile. However, given our sample size and the observational nature of t...
This is a case of a young male patient with no known prior risk factors who presented for acute-onset right-sided neurological deficits suspicious for stroke, and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) ...
Approximately half of patients who achieve successful reperfusion do not achieve functional independence. The present study sought to investigate the clinical outcomes and safety of intraarterial or i...
In the national, prospective BASILAR (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) registry, 458 patients who met inclusion criteria were divided into 3 groups based on tirofiban a...
Intraarterial+intravenous rather than intravenous tirofiban improved clinical outcomes without increasing the frequency of symptomatic ICH among patients with basilar artery occlusion after successful...
Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked lysosomal storage disease resulting from mutations of α-galactosidase A gene, and has been emphasized as one of the etiologies of young stroke and leukoencephalopathy...
This was a matched case-control study involving 37 Chinese FD patients. The BA diameters were evaluated on axial T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and compared to two age-and-gender matched contr...
Patients with FD had significantly increased BA diameter compared to controls with and without stroke (p < 0.001). A BA diameter of 4.16 mm could distinguish FD from controls in the stroke subgroup (R...
VBD was also present in Chinese FD patients. BA diameter has high diagnostic utility in identifying FD from a mixed cohort of stroke and normal controls, and carried predictive value in evaluating neu...
The purpose of this study was to describe the effectiveness and evaluation of open surgical treatment of basilar artery aneurysms in the context of interventional therapy era, including surgical clipp...
Patients with basilar artery aneurysms who were treated at our center were retrospectively included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The basic clinical data, surgical approach, clini...
A total of 104 eligible patients treated at our center from January 2010 to August 2023 were included in this study, of which 67 were treated by open surgery and 37 by bypass. For the 67 patients with...
Treatment of basilar artery aneurysms is challenging. In the context of the rapidly evolving interventional therapy era, open surgery including surgical clipping and bypass is an ideal option for comp...