The evolution of betalain biosynthesis in Caryophyllales.
anthocyanin
betalain
caryophyllales
pigmentation
tyrosine
Journal
The New phytologist
ISSN: 1469-8137
Titre abrégé: New Phytol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9882884
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
10 2019
10 2019
Historique:
received:
17
12
2018
accepted:
20
04
2019
pubmed:
7
6
2019
medline:
6
5
2020
entrez:
8
6
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Within the angiosperm order Caryophyllales, an unusual class of pigments known as betalains can replace the otherwise ubiquitous anthocyanins. In contrast to the phenylalanine-derived anthocyanins, betalains are tyrosine-derived pigments which contain the chromophore betalamic acid. The origin of betalain pigments within Caryophyllales and their mutual exclusion with anthocyanin pigments have been the subject of considerable research. In recent years, numerous discoveries, accelerated by -omic scale data, phylogenetics and synthetic biology, have shed light on the evolution of the betalain biosynthetic pathway in Caryophyllales. These advances include the elucidation of the biosynthetic steps in the betalain pathway, identification of transcriptional regulators of betalain synthesis, resolution of the phylogenetic history of key genes, and insight into a role for modulation of primary metabolism in betalain synthesis. Here we review how molecular genetics have advanced our understanding of the betalain biosynthetic pathway, and discuss the impact of phylogenetics in revealing its evolutionary history. In light of these insights, we explore our new understanding of the origin of betalains, the mutual exclusion of betalains and anthocyanins, and the homoplastic distribution of betalain pigmentation within Caryophyllales. We conclude with a speculative conceptual model for the stepwise emergence of betalain pigmentation.
Substances chimiques
Betalains
37279-84-8
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Review
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
71-85Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2019 New Phytologist Trust.
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