Maintenance and expansion of genetic and trait variation following domestication in a clonal crop.

Ensete ventricosum Ethiopia agrobiodiversity clonal evolution domestication food security genotyping-by-sequencing tGBS

Journal

Molecular ecology
ISSN: 1365-294X
Titre abrégé: Mol Ecol
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9214478

Informations de publication

Date de publication:
08 2023
Historique:
revised: 24 04 2023
received: 01 09 2022
accepted: 15 05 2023
medline: 25 7 2023
pubmed: 2 6 2023
entrez: 2 6 2023
Statut: ppublish

Résumé

Clonal propagation enables favourable crop genotypes to be rapidly selected and multiplied. However, the absence of sexual propagation can lead to low genetic diversity and accumulation of deleterious mutations, which may eventually render crops less resilient to pathogens or environmental change. To better understand this trade-off, we characterize the domestication and contemporary genetic diversity of Enset (Ensete ventricosum), an indigenous African relative of bananas (Musa) and a principal starch staple for 20 million Ethiopians. Wild enset reproduction occurs strictly by sexual outcrossing, but for cultivation, it is propagated clonally and associated with diversification and specialization into hundreds of named landraces. We applied tGBS sequencing to generate genome-wide genotypes for 192 accessions from across enset's cultivated distribution, and surveyed 1340 farmers on enset agronomic traits. Overall, reduced heterozygosity in the domesticated lineage was consistent with a domestication bottleneck that retained 37% of wild diversity. However, an excess of putatively deleterious missense mutations at low frequency present as heterozygotes suggested an accumulation of mutational load in clonal domesticated lineages. Our evidence indicates that the major domesticated lineages initially arose through historic sexual recombination associated with a domestication bottleneck, followed by the amplification of favourable genotypes through an extended period of clonal propagation. Among domesticated lineages, we found a significant phylogenetic signal for multiple farmer-identified food, nutrition and disease resistance traits and little evidence of contemporary recombination. The development of future-climate adapted genotypes may require crop breeding, but outcrossing risks exposing deleterious alleles as homozygotes. This trade-off may partly explain the ubiquity and persistence of clonal propagation over recent centuries of comparative climate stability. ኢ-ጾታዊ-መራቦ ተመራጭ ባሂሪን የሚያስከትሉ የሰብል ይዘተ-በራሂዎች በተፋጠነ ሁኔታ እየተለዩ እንዲባዙ ያደርጋል። ይሁን እንጂ የጾታዊ መራቦ አለመኖር የበራሂ ተለያይነት መመናመንና ጎጂ የሆነ በራሂያዊ-ቅየራን ሊያበራክት ይችላል። ይህ ሁኔታ ደግሞ የሰብል ተክሎችን በሽታንም ሆነ የአየር ንብረት ለውጥን የመቋቋም ባህሪ ሊቀንስ ይችላል። በእነዚህ አሉታዊና አዎንታዊ ገጽታዎች ረገድ ያለውን ሁኔታ በተሻለ መገንዘብን ባለመ ሁኔታ ከስራስር ሰብሎች አንዱ በሆነው የእንሰት ተክል ተላምዶና በራሂያዊ ተለያይነት ላይ ያተኮረ የባህሪ ትንተና ጥናት ተከናውኗል። እንሰት በአፍሪካ ከሚገኙ የሙዝ ዝሪያዎች ወገን የሚመደብ ሲሆን ከ20 ሚሊዮን ለሚበልጡ ኢትዮጵያውያን አብይ የኃይል ሰጪ ምግብ ምንጭ ነው። እንሰት ከእርሻ ሰብለነት ባለፈ በዱር በቀልነትም ይገኛል። ዱር በቀሉ እንሰት የማይበላ ሆኖ የመራቢያ ዘዴው ጾታዊ ነው። በሰብልነት የሚለማው እንሰት በጾታዊ መንገድ ሊራባ ቢችልም አርሶ አደሮች ኢ-ጾታዊ-መራቦን በመጠቀም ያባዙታል። በዚህም መንገድ በመቶዎች የሚቆጠሩ የተለየ ባህሪና ስያሜ ያላቸው አይነቴዎች እንዲበለጽጉ ሆኗል። በዚህ ጥናት ቲ.ጂ.ቢ.ኤስ. (tGBS) ሲኩዌንሲነግ የተባለ ዘዴን በመጠቀም የ192 አይነቴዎችን ይዘተ-በራሂዎች የማንበብ ሥራ የተከናወነ ሲሆን 1340 አርሶ አደሮችን በማሳተፍ በአይነቴዎቹ ባህሪ ዙሪ መረጃ ተሰብስቧል፡፡ በሰብልነት በሚለማው የእንሰት ወገን የድቅል በራሂያዊነት ይዘት አነስተኛ ሲሆን ይህም በማላማዱ ሂደት የተከሰተው በራሂያዊ ደፈቃ ከዱር በቀሉ ብዝሀነት 37% ተለያይነት ብቻ እንዲወረስ ካሳረፈው ተጽእኖ ጋር የሚቆራኝ ነው፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ አልፎ አልፎ ጎጂ የሆነ በራሂያዊ-ቅየራ በድቅል-በራሂ መልክ የሚከሰት መሆኑ በኢ-ጾታዊ መንገድ በሚራባው የተላመደው የእንሰት ወገን ላይ በጊዜ ሂደት የበራሂያዊ-ቅየራ ጫና እየበረታ መሄዱን ያመለክታል። በአጠቃላይ የጥናት ውጤቱ እንደሚያሳየው ዋና ዋናዎቹ የእንሰት የዘር ሀረጎች የተከሰቱት ቀደም ሲል በነበረ በራሂያዊ-ብወዛ፣ በማላማዱ ሂደት በተከሰተ በራሂያዊ ደፈቃና ይህን ተከትሎ በተፈጠረ የተለያይነት መመናመን፣ አንዲሁም በዘመናትነ የማላመድ ሂደት ጠቃሚነት ያላቸውን ይዘተ-በራሂዎች ከማበራከት ጋር በተያያዘ በተደረጉ መረጣዎች ምክንያት ነው። ከተላመዱ የእንሰት አይነቴዎች አንጻር ጠንካራ የምግብነት፣ የንጥረ-ምግብ እና በሽታን የመቋቋም ስርወዘራዊ የባህሪ መመሳሰል የተስተዋለ ቢሆንም በመካከላቸ ወቅታዊ በራሂያዊ-ብወዛ ስለመኖሩ የሚያሳይ የጠነከረ መረጃ አልተገኘም፡፡ መጻኢው የብዛዘር ጥበቃና አስተዳደር የአየር ንብረት ለውጥን ከመቋቋም አካያ በጾታዊ-መራቦ መንገድ የሰብል ህብረዘር ማጎልበትን ተፈላጊ ሊያደርግ የሚችልበት ሁኔታ ቢኖርም ይህ የተዋልዶ ዘዴ መሰል-በራሂን በማበራከት አሉታዊ ተጽእኖ ሊያሳርፍ እንደሚችል ይታሰባል። ይህም እውነታ በእንሰት ልማት የኢ-ጾታዊ-መራቦ ዘዴ ተዘውታሪና ብቸኛ አማራጭ ስለመሆኑ መሰረታዊ ምክንያት ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ ይችላል.

Autres résumés

Type: Publisher (amh)
ኢ-ጾታዊ-መራቦ ተመራጭ ባሂሪን የሚያስከትሉ የሰብል ይዘተ-በራሂዎች በተፋጠነ ሁኔታ እየተለዩ እንዲባዙ ያደርጋል። ይሁን እንጂ የጾታዊ መራቦ አለመኖር የበራሂ ተለያይነት መመናመንና ጎጂ የሆነ በራሂያዊ-ቅየራን ሊያበራክት ይችላል። ይህ ሁኔታ ደግሞ የሰብል ተክሎችን በሽታንም ሆነ የአየር ንብረት ለውጥን የመቋቋም ባህሪ ሊቀንስ ይችላል። በእነዚህ አሉታዊና አዎንታዊ ገጽታዎች ረገድ ያለውን ሁኔታ በተሻለ መገንዘብን ባለመ ሁኔታ ከስራስር ሰብሎች አንዱ በሆነው የእንሰት ተክል ተላምዶና በራሂያዊ ተለያይነት ላይ ያተኮረ የባህሪ ትንተና ጥናት ተከናውኗል። እንሰት በአፍሪካ ከሚገኙ የሙዝ ዝሪያዎች ወገን የሚመደብ ሲሆን ከ20 ሚሊዮን ለሚበልጡ ኢትዮጵያውያን አብይ የኃይል ሰጪ ምግብ ምንጭ ነው። እንሰት ከእርሻ ሰብለነት ባለፈ በዱር በቀልነትም ይገኛል። ዱር በቀሉ እንሰት የማይበላ ሆኖ የመራቢያ ዘዴው ጾታዊ ነው። በሰብልነት የሚለማው እንሰት በጾታዊ መንገድ ሊራባ ቢችልም አርሶ አደሮች ኢ-ጾታዊ-መራቦን በመጠቀም ያባዙታል። በዚህም መንገድ በመቶዎች የሚቆጠሩ የተለየ ባህሪና ስያሜ ያላቸው አይነቴዎች እንዲበለጽጉ ሆኗል። በዚህ ጥናት ቲ.ጂ.ቢ.ኤስ. (tGBS) ሲኩዌንሲነግ የተባለ ዘዴን በመጠቀም የ192 አይነቴዎችን ይዘተ-በራሂዎች የማንበብ ሥራ የተከናወነ ሲሆን 1340 አርሶ አደሮችን በማሳተፍ በአይነቴዎቹ ባህሪ ዙሪ መረጃ ተሰብስቧል፡፡ በሰብልነት በሚለማው የእንሰት ወገን የድቅል በራሂያዊነት ይዘት አነስተኛ ሲሆን ይህም በማላማዱ ሂደት የተከሰተው በራሂያዊ ደፈቃ ከዱር በቀሉ ብዝሀነት 37% ተለያይነት ብቻ እንዲወረስ ካሳረፈው ተጽእኖ ጋር የሚቆራኝ ነው፡፡ ይሁን እንጂ አልፎ አልፎ ጎጂ የሆነ በራሂያዊ-ቅየራ በድቅል-በራሂ መልክ የሚከሰት መሆኑ በኢ-ጾታዊ መንገድ በሚራባው የተላመደው የእንሰት ወገን ላይ በጊዜ ሂደት የበራሂያዊ-ቅየራ ጫና እየበረታ መሄዱን ያመለክታል። በአጠቃላይ የጥናት ውጤቱ እንደሚያሳየው ዋና ዋናዎቹ የእንሰት የዘር ሀረጎች የተከሰቱት ቀደም ሲል በነበረ በራሂያዊ-ብወዛ፣ በማላማዱ ሂደት በተከሰተ በራሂያዊ ደፈቃና ይህን ተከትሎ በተፈጠረ የተለያይነት መመናመን፣ አንዲሁም በዘመናትነ የማላመድ ሂደት ጠቃሚነት ያላቸውን ይዘተ-በራሂዎች ከማበራከት ጋር በተያያዘ በተደረጉ መረጣዎች ምክንያት ነው። ከተላመዱ የእንሰት አይነቴዎች አንጻር ጠንካራ የምግብነት፣ የንጥረ-ምግብ እና በሽታን የመቋቋም ስርወዘራዊ የባህሪ መመሳሰል የተስተዋለ ቢሆንም በመካከላቸ ወቅታዊ በራሂያዊ-ብወዛ ስለመኖሩ የሚያሳይ የጠነከረ መረጃ አልተገኘም፡፡ መጻኢው የብዛዘር ጥበቃና አስተዳደር የአየር ንብረት ለውጥን ከመቋቋም አካያ በጾታዊ-መራቦ መንገድ የሰብል ህብረዘር ማጎልበትን ተፈላጊ ሊያደርግ የሚችልበት ሁኔታ ቢኖርም ይህ የተዋልዶ ዘዴ መሰል-በራሂን በማበራከት አሉታዊ ተጽእኖ ሊያሳርፍ እንደሚችል ይታሰባል። ይህም እውነታ በእንሰት ልማት የኢ-ጾታዊ-መራቦ ዘዴ ተዘውታሪና ብቸኛ አማራጭ ስለመሆኑ መሰረታዊ ምክንያት ተደርጎ ሊወሰድ ይችላል.

Identifiants

pubmed: 37264989
doi: 10.1111/mec.17033
doi:

Banques de données

RefSeq
['GCA_000818735.3']
Dryad
['10.5061/dryad.3ffbg79ph']

Types de publication

Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Langues

eng

Sous-ensembles de citation

IM

Pagination

4165-4180

Subventions

Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/S014896/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/P02307X/1
Pays : United Kingdom
Organisme : Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council
ID : BB/S018980/1
Pays : United Kingdom

Informations de copyright

© 2023 The Authors. Molecular Ecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

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Auteurs

Oliver W White (OW)

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.

Manosh Kumar Biswas (MK)

Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.

Wendawek M Abebe (WM)

Department of Biology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Yann Dussert (Y)

CNRS, Université de Poitiers, EBI, Poitiers, France.
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Firew Kebede (F)

Department of Biology, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia.

Richard A Nichols (RA)

School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Richard J A Buggs (RJA)

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.
School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK.

Sebsebe Demissew (S)

Department of Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Feleke Woldeyes (F)

Ethiopian Biodiversity Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Alexander S T Papadopulos (AST)

Schools of Natural Sciences, University of Bangor, Gwynedd, UK.

Trude Schwarzacher (T)

Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Pat J S Heslop-Harrison (PJS)

Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK.
Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China.

Paul Wilkin (P)

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.

James S Borrell (JS)

Royal Botanic Gardens Kew, Richmond, UK.

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