Bircan Erbas

Affiliations

Department of Public Health, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.
Faculty of Public Health, Universitas AirLangga, Surabaya, Indonesia.

Publications (47)

The association between outdoor allergens - pollen, fungal spore season and high asthma admission days in children and adolescents.

International journal of environmental health research

Avec: Mehak Batra , Don Vicendese , Edward Newbigin , Katrina A Lambert , Mimi Tang , Michael J Abramson , Shyamali C Dharmage , Bircan Erbas

Outdoor pollen-related changes in lung function and markers of airway inflammation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Avec: Nur Sabrina Idrose , E Haydn Walters , Jingwen Zhang , Don Vicendese , Ed J Newbigin , Jo A Douglass , Bircan Erbas , Adrian J Lowe , Jennifer L Perret , Caroline J Lodge , Shyamali C Dharmage

Spatiotemporal characteristics of asthma emergency department presentations in diverse geographical and climatic regions, Queensland, Australia.

Emergency medicine Australasia : EMA

Avec: Marko Simunovic , Justin Boyle , Philip Baker , Bircan Erbas , Janet M Davies

The contribution of group prenatal care to maternal psychological health outcomes: A systematic review.

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives

Avec: Melissa Buultjens , Ambereen Farouque , Leila Karimi , Linda Whitby , Jeannette Milgrom , Bircan Erbas

Trajectories of asthma and allergies from 7 years to 53 years and associations with lung function and extrapulmonary comorbidity profiles: a prospective cohort study.

The Lancet. Respiratory medicine

Avec: Dinh S Bui , Caroline J Lodge , Jennifer L Perret , Adrian Lowe , Garun S Hamilton , Bruce Thompson , Graham Giles , Daniel Tan , Bircan Erbas , Jane Pirkis , Flavia Cicuttini , Raisa Cassim , Gayan Bowatte , Paul Thomas , Judith Garcia-Aymerich , John Hopper , Michael J Abramson , Eugene H Walters , Shyamali C Dharmage

Grass pollen as a trigger of emergency department presentations and hospital admissions for respiratory conditions in the subtropics: A systematic review.

Environmental research

Avec: Marko Simunovic , Divya Dwarakanath , Beth Addison-Smith , Nugroho H Susanto , Bircan Erbas , Philip Baker , Janet M Davies

Nocturnal symptoms perceived as asthma are associated with obstructive sleep apnoea risk, but not bronchial hyper-reactivity.

Respirology (Carlton, Vic.)

Avec: Chamara V Senaratna , E Haydn Walters , Garun Hamilton , Adrian J Lowe , Caroline Lodge , John Burgess , Bircan Erbas , Graham G Giles , Paul Thomas , Michael J Abramson , Bruce Thompson , Jennifer L Perret , Shyamali C Dharmage

Tree pollen exposure is associated with reduced lung function in children.

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Avec: Katrina A Lambert , Constance Katelaris , Pamela Burton , Christine Cowie , Caroline Lodge , Frances L Garden , Luke A Prendergast , Brett G Toelle , Bircan Erbas

Associations between grass pollen exposures

International journal of environmental health research

Avec: Nugroho Harry Susanto , Adrian J Lowe , Agus Salim , Jennifer J Koplin , Mimi L K Tang , Noor H A Suaini , Anne-Louise Ponsonby , Katrina J Allen , Shyamali C Dharmage , Bircan Erbas

Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption is associated with visceral fat in children.

The British journal of nutrition

Avec: Claire Gallagher , George Moschonis , Katrina A Lambert , Eva Karaglani , Christina Mavrogianni , Stavroula Gavrili , Yannis Manios , Bircan Erbas

Impact of lifetime body mass index trajectories on the incidence and persistence of adult asthma.

The European respiratory journal

Avec: Gulshan Bano Ali , Adrian J Lowe , Jennifer L Perret , E Haydn Walters , Caroline J Lodge , David Johns , Alan James , Bircan Erbas , Garun S Hamilton , Gayan Bowatte , Richard Wood-Baker , Michael J Abramson , Dinh S Bui , Shyamali C Dharmage

Children With Food Allergy Are at Risk of Lower Lung Function on High-Pollen Days.

The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. In practice

Avec: N Sabrina Idrose , Don Vicendese , Rachel L Peters , Jennifer J Koplin , Jo A Douglass , E Haydn Walters , Jennifer L Perret , Adrian J Lowe , Mimi L K Tang , Ed J Newbigin , Bircan Erbas , Caroline J Lodge , Shyamali C Dharmage

Associations between Body Mass Index Trajectories in the first two years of life and Allergic Rhinitis, Eczema and Food Allergy outcomes up to early adulthood.

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Avec: Chia-Lun Chang , Gulshan Bano Ali , Caroline J Lodge , Michael J Abramson , Bircan Erbas , Mimi L K Tang , Cecilie Svanes , Dinh Son Bui , Shyamali C Dharmage , Adrian J Lowe

Women's attitude towards intimate partner violence and utilization of contraceptive methods and maternal health care services: an analysis of nationally representative cross-sectional surveys from four South Asian countries.

BMC women's health

Avec: Som Kumar Shrestha , Subash Thapa , Don Vicendese , Bircan Erbas

A Review of the Respiratory Health Burden Attributable to Short-Term Exposure to Pollen.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Avec: Nur Sabrina Idrose , Caroline J Lodge , Bircan Erbas , Jo A Douglass , Dinh S Bui , Shyamali C Dharmage

Does oral iron and folate supplementation during pregnancy protect against adverse birth outcomes and reduced neonatal and infant mortality in Africa: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis?

Nutrition and health

Avec: Yibeltal Bekele , Claire Gallagher , Mehak Batra , Melissa Buultjens , Senem Eren , Bircan Erbas

The Effects of Maternal Iron and Folate Supplementation on Pregnancy and Infant Outcomes in Africa: A Systematic Review.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Avec: Yibeltal Bekele , Claire Gallagher , Don Vicendese , Melissa Buultjens , Mehak Batra , Bircan Erbas

Maternity care during a pandemic: Can a hybrid telehealth model comprising group interdisciplinary education support maternal psychological health?

Women and birth : journal of the Australian College of Midwives

Avec: Melissa Buultjens , Jessica Gill , Jennifer Fielding , Katrina A Lambert , Kirsty Vondeling , Sally E Mastwyk , Sarita Sloane , Wendy Fedele , Leila Karimi , Jeannette Milgrom , Kathryn von Treuer , Bircan Erbas

The effects of weight change from childhood to adulthood on depression and anxiety risk in adulthood: A systematic review.

Obesity reviews : an official journal of the International Association for the Study of Obesity

Avec: Claire Gallagher , Nilakshi Waidyatillake , Jane Pirkis , Katrina Lambert , Raisa Cassim , Shyamali Dharmage , Bircan Erbas

A Review of the Role of Pollen in COVID-19 Infection.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Avec: Nur Sabrina Idrose , Jingwen Zhang , Caroline J Lodge , Bircan Erbas , Jo A Douglass , Dinh S Bui , Shyamali C Dharmage

Risk factors for foot ulceration in adults with end-stage renal disease on dialysis: a prospective observational cohort study.

BMC nephrology

Avec: Michelle R Kaminski , Katrina A Lambert , Anita Raspovic , Lawrence P McMahon , Bircan Erbas , Peter F Mount , Peter G Kerr , Karl B Landorf

Urinary organic acids as biomarkers in the assessment of pulmonary function in children with asthma.

Nutrition research (New York, N.Y.)

Avec: Maria Michelle Papamichael , Charis Katsardis , Bircan Erbas , Catherine Itsiopoulos , Dimitris Tsoukalas

Outdoor fungal spores and acute respiratory effects in vulnerable individuals.

Environmental research

Avec: Rachel Tham , Bircan Erbas , Shyamali C Dharmage , Mimi Lk Tang , Fahad Aldakheel , Caroline J Lodge , Paul S Thomas , Philip E Taylor , Michael J Abramson , Adrian J Lowe

Efficacy of a Mediterranean diet supplemented with fatty fish in ameliorating inflammation in paediatric asthma: a randomised controlled trial.

Journal of human nutrition and dietetics : the official journal of the British Dietetic Association

Avec: M M Papamichael , Ch Katsardis , K Lambert , D Tsoukalas , M Koutsilieris , B Erbas , C Itsiopoulos

[Addicted During Pandemic? - COVID-19 and Addictive Disorders].

Gesundheitswesen (Bundesverband der Arzte des Offentlichen Gesundheitsdienstes (Germany))

Avec: Beate Erbas , Hannah Strauch

Association of early life and acute pollen exposure with lung function and exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). A prospective study up to adolescence in the GINIplus and LISA cohort.

The Science of the total environment

Avec: Katrina A Lambert , Iana Markevych , Bo-Yi Yang , Carl-Peter Bauer , Dietrich Berdel , Andrea von Berg , Karl-Christian Bergmann , Caroline Lodge , Sibylle Koletzko , Luke A Prendergast , Tamara Schikowski , Holger Schulz , Matthias Werchan , Joachim Heinrich , Marie Standl , Bircan Erbas

Association between ambient air pollution and development and persistence of atopic and non-atopic eczema in a cohort of adults.

Allergy

Avec: Diego J Lopez , Caroline J Lodge , Dinh S Bui , Nilakshi T Waidyatillake , John C Su , Jenny L Perret , Luke D Knibbs , Bircan Erbas , Paul S Thomas , Garun S Hamilton , Bruce R Thompson , Michael J Abramson , E Haydn Walters , Shyamali C Dharmage , Gayan Bowatte , Adrian J Lowe

Community Response to the Impact of Thunderstorm Asthma Using Smart Technology.

Allergy & rhinology (Providence, R.I.)

Avec: Ala AlQuran , Mehak Batra , Nugroho Harry Susanto , Anne E Holland , Janet M Davies , Bircan Erbas , Edwin R Lampugnani

Current methods inadequate in assessing the association between junk food intake and metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents: letter to editor.

Eating and weight disorders : EWD

Avec: Claire Gallagher , George Moschonis , Bircan Erbas

Automatic detection of F waves and F-MUNE in two types of motor neuron diseases.

Muscle & nerve

Avec: Emel Oguz-Akarsu , Nermin Gorkem Sirin , Tugrul Artug , Bahar Erbas , Elif Kocasoy Orhan , Halil Atilla Idrisoğlu , Aysegul Ketenci , Mehmet Baris Baslo , Ali Emre Oge

Determinants of Smoking Cessation Outcomes and Reasons for Relapse in Patients Admitted to a Smoking Cessation Outpatient Clinic in Turkey.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Avec: Tijen Acar , Claire Gallagher , Yasemin Gören , Bircan Erbas , Adem Özkara

Effectiveness of footwear and foot orthoses in reducing medial metatarsophalangeal joint pressure in women with hallux valgus.

Gait & posture

Avec: Hylton B Menz , Polly Q X Lim , Sheree E Hurn , Karen J Mickle , Andrew K Buldt , Matthew P Cotchett , Edward Roddy , Anita E Wluka , Bircan Erbas , Shannon E Munteanu

Childhood 'bronchitis' and respiratory outcomes in middle-age: a prospective cohort study from age 7 to 53 years.

BMJ open respiratory research

Avec: Jennifer L Perret , Danielle Wurzel , E Haydn Walters , Adrian J Lowe , Caroline J Lodge , Dinh S Bui , Bircan Erbas , Gayan Bowatte , Melissa A Russell , Bruce R Thompson , Lyle Gurrin , Paul S Thomas , Garun Hamilton , John L Hopper , Michael J Abramson , Anne B Chang , Shyamali C Dharmage

Biomarkers of asthma relapse and lung function decline in adults with spontaneous asthma remission: A population-based cohort study.

Allergy

Avec: Daniel J Tan , Caroline J Lodge , Eugene Haydn Walters , Adrian J Lowe , Dinh S Bui , Gayan Bowatte , Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake , Fahad M Aldakheel , Bircan Erbas , Garun S Hamilton , Paul S Thomas , Mark Hew , Mimi L K Tang , Michael J Abramson , Jennifer L Perret , Shyamali C Dharmage

Grass pollen exposure is associated with higher readmission rates for pediatric asthma.

Pediatric allergy and immunology : official publication of the European Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology

Avec: Mehak Batra , Shyamali C Dharmage , Edward Newbigin , Mimi Tang , Michael J Abramson , Bircan Erbas , Don Vicendese

Is Oral Iron and Folate Supplementation during Pregnancy Protective against Low Birth Weight and Preterm Birth in Africa? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Nutrients

Avec: Yibeltal Bekele , Claire Gallagher , Mehak Batra , Don Vicendese , Melissa Buultjens , Bircan Erbas

Infant BMI trajectories as early risk markers of poor psychosocial health in preadolescence.

BMC public health

Avec: Claire Gallagher , George Moschonis , Katrina Lambert , Spyridon Kanellakis , Eva Karaglani , Niki Mourouti , Costas Anastasiou , Bircan Erbas , Yannis Manios

BMI trajectories from infancy to 18 years and mental health in emerging adulthood.

Journal of affective disorders

Avec: Claire Gallagher , Katrina Lambert , Jane Pirkis , Michael J Abramson , Chris Barton , Caroline J Lodge , Jennifer L Perret , N Sabrina Idrose , Catherine M Bennett , Nilakshi T Waidyatillake , Vijaya Sundararajan , E Haydn Walters , Shyamali C Dharmage , Bircan Erbas

Early life acetaminophen exposure, glutathione S-transferase genes, and development of adolescent asthma in a high-risk birth cohort.

The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology

Avec: Xin Dai , Shyamali C Dharmage , Michael J Abramson , Bircan Erbas , Catherine M Bennett , Cecilie Svanes , Jennie Hui , Christine Axelrad , Adrian J Lowe , Caroline J Lodge

Water, sanitation and hygiene practices associated with improved height-for-age, weight-for-height and weight-for-age z-scores among under-five children in Nepal.

BMC pediatrics

Avec: Som Kumar Shrestha , Don Vicendese , Bircan Erbas

Compound muscle action potential scan and MScanFit motor unit number estimation during Wallerian degeneration after nerve transections.

Muscle & nerve

Avec: Ozlem Kesim-Sahin , Nermin Gorkem Sirin , Bahar Erbas , Tugrul Artug , Emel Oguz-Akarsu , Elif Kocasoy-Orhan , Mehmet Baris Baslo , Nermin Mammadova , Ufuk Emekli , Ali Emre Oge

NO

Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology

Avec: Fahad M Aldakheel , Jane E Bourke , Paul S Thomas , Melanie C Matheson , Michael J Abramson , Garun S Hamilton , Caroline J Lodge , Bruce R Thompson , E Haydn Walters , Katrina J Allen , Bircan Erbas , Jennifer L Perret , Shyamali C Dharmage , Adrian J Lowe

Influence of Childhood Asthma and Allergies on Occupational Exposure in Early Adulthood: A Prospective Cohort Study.

International journal of environmental research and public health

Avec: Orianne Dumas , Nicole Le Moual , Adrian J Lowe , Caroline J Lodge , Jan-Paul Zock , Hans Kromhout , Bircan Erbas , Jennifer L Perret , Shyamali C Dharmage , Geza Benke , Michael J Abramson

Parameters derived from compound muscle action potential scan for discriminating amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-related denervation.

Muscle & nerve

Avec: N Gorkem Sirin , Emel Oguz Akarsu , Elif Kocasoy Orhan , Bahar Erbas , Tugrul Artug , H Ozlem Dede , M Baris Baslo , Halil A Idrisoglu , A Emre Oge

Pollen exposure at birth and adolescent lung function, and modification by residential greenness.

Allergy

Avec: Katrina A Lambert , Caroline Lodge , Adrian J Lowe , Luke A Prendergast , Paul S Thomas , Catherine M Bennett , Michael J Abramson , Shyamali C Dharmage , Bircan Erbas

Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Related Inflammation Presenting as Steroid Responsive Brain Mass.

Turkish neurosurgery

Avec: Hakan Silek , Bahar Erbas

Role of psychological distress on long-term risky and heavy-episodic drinking patterns in major cities and rural and remote areas.

The Australian journal of rural health

Avec: Stefan Bozic , Don Vicendese , Michael Livingston , Bircan Erbas

Réseau de co-auteurs

Shyamali C Dharmage 20 collaborations

Michael J Abramson 15 collaborations

Caroline J Lodge 15 collaborations

Adrian J Lowe 14 collaborations

Jennifer L Perret 10 collaborations

Don Vicendese 9 collaborations

Claire Gallagher 9 collaborations

E Haydn Walters 8 collaborations

Katrina A Lambert 7 collaborations

Dinh S Bui 7 collaborations

Mehak Batra 6 collaborations

Paul S Thomas 6 collaborations

Melissa Buultjens 5 collaborations

Garun S Hamilton 5 collaborations

Gayan Bowatte 5 collaborations

Jo A Douglass 4 collaborations

Caroline Lodge 4 collaborations

Mimi L K Tang 4 collaborations

Bahar Erbas 4 collaborations

Nur Sabrina Idrose 3 collaborations

Janet M Davies 3 collaborations

Jane Pirkis 3 collaborations

Luke A Prendergast 3 collaborations

George Moschonis 3 collaborations

Yibeltal Bekele 3 collaborations

Katrina Lambert 3 collaborations

Bruce R Thompson 3 collaborations

Tugrul Artug 3 collaborations

Catherine M Bennett 3 collaborations

Edward Newbigin 2 collaborations

Mimi Tang 2 collaborations

Jingwen Zhang 2 collaborations

Ed J Newbigin 2 collaborations

Marko Simunovic 2 collaborations

Philip Baker 2 collaborations

Leila Karimi 2 collaborations

Jeannette Milgrom 2 collaborations

Bruce Thompson 2 collaborations

Raisa Cassim 2 collaborations

Paul Thomas 2 collaborations

Garun Hamilton 2 collaborations

Nugroho Harry Susanto 2 collaborations

Jennifer J Koplin 2 collaborations

Katrina J Allen 2 collaborations

Eva Karaglani 2 collaborations

Yannis Manios 2 collaborations

Gulshan Bano Ali 2 collaborations

N Sabrina Idrose 2 collaborations

Cecilie Svanes 2 collaborations

Som Kumar Shrestha 2 collaborations

Nilakshi T Waidyatillake 2 collaborations

Emel Oguz-Akarsu 2 collaborations

Nermin Gorkem Sirin 2 collaborations

Elif Kocasoy Orhan 2 collaborations

Mehmet Baris Baslo 2 collaborations

Ali Emre Oge 2 collaborations

Fahad M Aldakheel 2 collaborations

Justin Boyle 1 collaboration

Ambereen Farouque 1 collaboration

Linda Whitby 1 collaboration

Adrian Lowe 1 collaboration

Graham Giles 1 collaboration

Daniel Tan 1 collaboration

Flavia Cicuttini 1 collaboration

Judith Garcia-Aymerich 1 collaboration

John Hopper 1 collaboration

Eugene H Walters 1 collaboration

Divya Dwarakanath 1 collaboration

Beth Addison-Smith 1 collaboration

Nugroho H Susanto 1 collaboration

Chamara V Senaratna 1 collaboration

John Burgess 1 collaboration

Graham G Giles 1 collaboration

Constance Katelaris 1 collaboration

Pamela Burton 1 collaboration

Christine Cowie 1 collaboration

Frances L Garden 1 collaboration

Brett G Toelle 1 collaboration

Agus Salim 1 collaboration

Noor H A Suaini 1 collaboration

Anne-Louise Ponsonby 1 collaboration

Christina Mavrogianni 1 collaboration

Stavroula Gavrili 1 collaboration

David Johns 1 collaboration

Alan James 1 collaboration

Richard Wood-Baker 1 collaboration

Rachel L Peters 1 collaboration

Chia-Lun Chang 1 collaboration

Dinh Son Bui 1 collaboration

Subash Thapa 1 collaboration

Senem Eren 1 collaboration

Jessica Gill 1 collaboration

Jennifer Fielding 1 collaboration

Kirsty Vondeling 1 collaboration

Sally E Mastwyk 1 collaboration

Sarita Sloane 1 collaboration

Wendy Fedele 1 collaboration

Kathryn von Treuer 1 collaboration

Nilakshi Waidyatillake 1 collaboration

Shyamali Dharmage 1 collaboration

Michelle R Kaminski 1 collaboration

Anita Raspovic 1 collaboration

Lawrence P McMahon 1 collaboration

Peter F Mount 1 collaboration

Peter G Kerr 1 collaboration

Karl B Landorf 1 collaboration

Maria Michelle Papamichael 1 collaboration

Charis Katsardis 1 collaboration

Catherine Itsiopoulos 1 collaboration

Dimitris Tsoukalas 1 collaboration

Rachel Tham 1 collaboration

Mimi Lk Tang 1 collaboration

Fahad Aldakheel 1 collaboration

Philip E Taylor 1 collaboration

M M Papamichael 1 collaboration

Ch Katsardis 1 collaboration

K Lambert 1 collaboration

D Tsoukalas 1 collaboration

M Koutsilieris 1 collaboration

B Erbas 1 collaboration

C Itsiopoulos 1 collaboration

Beate Erbas 1 collaboration

Hannah Strauch 1 collaboration

Iana Markevych 1 collaboration

Bo-Yi Yang 1 collaboration

Carl-Peter Bauer 1 collaboration

Dietrich Berdel 1 collaboration

Andrea von Berg 1 collaboration

Karl-Christian Bergmann 1 collaboration

Sibylle Koletzko 1 collaboration

Tamara Schikowski 1 collaboration

Holger Schulz 1 collaboration

Matthias Werchan 1 collaboration

Joachim Heinrich 1 collaboration

Marie Standl 1 collaboration

Diego J Lopez 1 collaboration

John C Su 1 collaboration

Jenny L Perret 1 collaboration

Luke D Knibbs 1 collaboration

Ala AlQuran 1 collaboration

Anne E Holland 1 collaboration

Edwin R Lampugnani 1 collaboration

Halil Atilla Idrisoğlu 1 collaboration

Aysegul Ketenci 1 collaboration

Tijen Acar 1 collaboration

Yasemin Gören 1 collaboration

Adem Özkara 1 collaboration

Hylton B Menz 1 collaboration

Polly Q X Lim 1 collaboration

Sheree E Hurn 1 collaboration

Karen J Mickle 1 collaboration

Andrew K Buldt 1 collaboration

Matthew P Cotchett 1 collaboration

Edward Roddy 1 collaboration

Anita E Wluka 1 collaboration

Shannon E Munteanu 1 collaboration

Danielle Wurzel 1 collaboration

Melissa A Russell 1 collaboration

Lyle Gurrin 1 collaboration

John L Hopper 1 collaboration

Anne B Chang 1 collaboration

Daniel J Tan 1 collaboration

Eugene Haydn Walters 1 collaboration

Rangi Kandane-Rathnayake 1 collaboration

Mark Hew 1 collaboration

Spyridon Kanellakis 1 collaboration

Niki Mourouti 1 collaboration

Costas Anastasiou 1 collaboration

Chris Barton 1 collaboration

Vijaya Sundararajan 1 collaboration

Xin Dai 1 collaboration

Jennie Hui 1 collaboration

Christine Axelrad 1 collaboration

Ozlem Kesim-Sahin 1 collaboration

Elif Kocasoy-Orhan 1 collaboration

Nermin Mammadova 1 collaboration

Ufuk Emekli 1 collaboration

Jane E Bourke 1 collaboration

Melanie C Matheson 1 collaboration

Orianne Dumas 1 collaboration

Nicole Le Moual 1 collaboration

Jan-Paul Zock 1 collaboration

Hans Kromhout 1 collaboration

Geza Benke 1 collaboration

N Gorkem Sirin 1 collaboration

Emel Oguz Akarsu 1 collaboration

H Ozlem Dede 1 collaboration

M Baris Baslo 1 collaboration

Halil A Idrisoglu 1 collaboration

A Emre Oge 1 collaboration

Hakan Silek 1 collaboration

Stefan Bozic 1 collaboration

Michael Livingston 1 collaboration