Uncovering the evolutionary origin of blue anthocyanins in cereal grains.
MYB
bHLH
blue aleurone
blue anthocyanin
convergent evolution
flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase
Journal
The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology
ISSN: 1365-313X
Titre abrégé: Plant J
Pays: England
ID NLM: 9207397
Informations de publication
Date de publication:
03 2020
03 2020
Historique:
received:
24
05
2019
revised:
16
09
2019
accepted:
24
09
2019
pubmed:
2
10
2019
medline:
22
1
2021
entrez:
2
10
2019
Statut:
ppublish
Résumé
Functional divergence after gene duplication plays a central role in plant evolution. Among cereals, only Hordeum vulgare (barley), Triticum aestivum (wheat) and Secale cereale (rye) accumulate delphinidin-derived (blue) anthocyanins in the aleurone layer of grains, whereas Oryza sativa (rice), Zea mays (maize) and Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) do not. The underlying genetic basis for this natural occurrence remains elusive. Here, we mapped the barley Blx1 locus involved in blue aleurone to an approximately 1.13 Mb genetic interval on chromosome 4HL, thus identifying a trigenic cluster named MbHF35 (containing HvMYB4H, HvMYC4H and HvF35H). Sequence and expression data supported the role of these genes in conferring blue-coloured (blue aleurone) grains. Synteny analyses across monocot species showed that MbHF35 has only evolved within distinct Triticeae lineages, as a result of dispersed gene duplication. Phylogeny analyses revealed a shared evolution pattern for MbHF35 in Triticeae, suggesting that these genes have co-evolved together. We also identified a Pooideae-specific flavonoid 3',5'-hydroxylase (F3'5'H) lineage, termed here Mo_F35H2, which has a higher amino acid similarity with eudicot F3'5'Hs, demonstrating a scenario of convergent evolution. Indeed, selection tests identified 13 amino acid residues in Mo_F35H2 that underwent positive selection, possibly driven by protein thermostablility selection. Furthermore, through the interrogation of barley germplasm there is evidence that HvMYB4H and HvMYC4H have undergone human selection. Collectively, our study favours blue aleurone as a recently evolved trait resulting from environmental adaptation. Our findings provide an evolutionary explanation for the absence of blue anthocyanins in other cereals and highlight the importance of gene functional divergence for plant diversity and environmental adaptation.
Substances chimiques
Plant Proteins
0
aleurone
0
Types de publication
Journal Article
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
Langues
eng
Sous-ensembles de citation
IM
Pagination
1057-1074Informations de copyright
© 2019 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2019 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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