Catching speciation in the act-act 2: Metschnikowia lacustris sp. nov., a sister species to Metschnikowia dekortorum.

The isolation of a single yeast strain in the clade containing Metschnikowia dekortorum, in the Amazon biome of Brazil, incited us to re-examine the species boundaries within the clade. The strain (UFMG-CM-Y6306) was difficult to position relative to neighbouring species using standard barcode sequences (ITS-D1/D2 rRNA gene region). Mating took place freely with α strains of M. bowlesiae, M. dekortorum, and M. similis, but two-spored asci, indicative of a fertile meiotic progeny, were formed abundantly only with certain strains of M. dekortorum. Accordingly, we examined mating success among every phylotype in the clade and constructed a phylogeny based on a concatenation of 100 of the largest orthologous genes annotated in draft genomes. The analyses confirmed membership of the Amazonian isolate in M. dekortorum, but also indicated that the species should be subdivided into two. As a result, we retain three original members of M. dekortorum in the species, together with the new isolate, and reassign six isolates recovered from Mesoamerican lacustrine habitats to Metschnikowia lacustris sp. nov. The type is UWOPS 12-619.2